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Writing guide

  • Folder icon closed Folder open iconPreparing to get your message out
    • The message
    • The audience
    • Packaging
    • Drawing up a skeleton
  • Folder icon closed Folder open iconWriting to be read
    • How people read: print and online publications
    • Practical tips for achieving a plain, clear writing style
    • Plain language
    • Plain structure
    • The paragraph
    • Tools for effective writing
  • Folder icon closed Folder open iconStyle
    • UK English vs US English
    • Words to use and words to avoid
    • Nouns and Verbs
    • Capitalisation
    • Hyphens
    • Compound words
    • Singular and plural
    • Digital dialect
    • Numbers and dates
    • Abbreviations and acronyms
    • Countries and currencies
    • Signatures and names
    • Punctuation
  • Folder icon closed Folder open iconFormatting
    • Chapter titles and headings
    • Lists
    • Visuals: tables, graphs, diagrams
    • Table of contents
    • Headings
    • Quoted matter
    • Bold and italics
    • Footnotes
    • Other tools
  • Folder icon closed Folder open iconReferences and bibliographies
    • References
    • Bibliographies
    • Sample bibliographical entries
Formatting

Bold and italics

Try to limit the use of bold and italics to the strict minimum. The use of bold, for example, to highlight key phrases in the text is best avoided. In general, use italics sparingly and avoid using it for emphasis, as too much becomes counter-productive.

Do not use italics and quotation marks together.

In English the use of italics is restricted to:

  • titles of books, plays and films;
  • titles of newspapers and periodicals;
  • foreign words and phrases (e.g. Länder, Mitbestimmung, perestroika, carte blanche, per se, inter alia) apart from those that have been assimilated into the English language such as, arguably, inter alia.

Extensive use of bold and italics will be stripped out at the production stage.

ETF European Training Foundation | Guide for Authors | 2022 © All Rights Reserved